| Armenia - Geghard |
Geghard means "spear". This name dates from the 13th century and
relates to the bringing of a spear which allegedly pierced the side of Christ
at Calvary. It is one of the most extraordinary churches in Armenia: partly
cut into cliffs, some of its rooms are completely subterranean, with astonishing
carvings. The site has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2000.
It was founded as early as the 4th century (under the name Ayrivank, or cave
monastery), but the features still standing are from the late 12th century,
when the country experienced a monastery building revival. The chapel of the
Mother of God is the oldest, and was built before 1164. Construction started
under the Zakarians. They then sold the monastery to the Prosh family who
constructed the underground parts carved out of rock. The relief carvings
in these rooms are quite special: on the north wall of the mausoleum of the
Prosh family a goat is pictured with a ring in its mouth to which is attached
a rope whose two ends are round the necks of two lions. The ends of the tails
of the lions are dragons with open mouths. Below, an eagle with spread wings
grasps a lamb in its talons.